Governments play a crucial role in society, establishing and sustaining the framework for social order. In addition, they help keep us safe and promote economic growth. Effective governance is based on democratic principles and a commitment to social justice. Legislative branches draft and pass laws that reflect societal values and address emerging challenges, while law enforcement agencies ensure people adhere to those laws. Judges and courts interpret laws, resolving disputes and upholding justice.
Providing public services and infrastructure is one of the most important roles governments have, as it improves the quality of life for their citizens. Governments build and maintain roads, bridges, schools, hospitals, clean water and transportation systems, and ensure people have the bare necessities to survive. Governments also collect taxes and redistribute them to support these functions, as well as other things like reducing inequality.
Governments also manage “positive externalities,” such as national security and education. Private businesses are unable to provide these services in the same way, and they cannot be compelled to do so by force or threat of repression. Governments can also protect against negative externalities, such as overfishing and climate change.
Governments are also vital players in international affairs, helping to navigate global trade and addressing the economic challenges of their citizens abroad. They are able to negotiate trade agreements that open up new markets for domestic businesses, and they can work with other countries to resolve issues that affect their citizens.